Opioid analgesics for chronic pain

References

Citations

  1. Rowbotham MC, et al. (2003). Oral opioid therapy for chronic peripheral and central neuropathic pain. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(13): 1223–1232.

  2. Dworkin, RH, et al. (2003). Advances in neuropathic pain: Diagnosis, mechanisms, and treatment recommendations. Archives of Neurology, 60(11): 1524–1534.

  3. Carver A (2005). Pain. In DC Dale, DD Federman, eds., ACP Medicine, section 11, chap. 14. New York: WebMD.


Author: Shannon Erstad, MBA/MPHLast Updated: February 22, 2007
Medical Review: Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine
Nancy Greenwald, MD - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

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Topic Contents
 Examples
 How It Works
 Why It Is Used
 How Well It Works
 Side Effects
 What To Think About
 References